INVASIVE
Diagnostic Cardiovascular Catheterization
An invasive test where tubes (catheters) are inserted into the heart via arteries and veins to record pressures, obtain blood samples and inject dye to visualize the structures of the heart. This is done by trained specialists. From this study, the extent of cardiac disease can be accurately assessed and treatment plans thereby established.
Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary ANGIOPLASTY (PTCA)
A form of catheterization where a narrowed artery is dilated (made larger) via an expanding balloon which is attached to the catheter.
Artery Stent Placement
A catheter procedure where a metallic coil is inserted at an arterial blockage to expand this area. The stent will then remain in place to help prevent the artery from re-closing. This is done most often in the arteries of the heart (coronary). It can also be done in the neck (carotid), chest (subclavian), kidney (renal), pelvis (iliac), or thigh (femoral).
Endovascular Stenting
A covered stent used to repair abdominal aneurysm without need for open surgery.
Balloon Valvuloplasty
Using an expandable balloon to open up a narrowed valve.
Device Closure of Holes in Cardiac Chambers
Via catheter, a patch is placed to close the hole in the heart.
Endovenous Laser Therapy (EVLT)
EVLT is a minimally invasive, clinically proven alternative to surgical vein stripping that effectively and safely treats varicose veins using a diode laser fiber to occlude the vein.
Sclerotherapy
Sclerotherapy effectively treats varicose and spider veins. It is often considered the treatment of choice for small varicose veins. Sclerotherapy involves injecting a solution directly into the vein. The sclerotherapy solution causes the vein to scar, forcing blood to reroute through healthier veins. The collapsed vein is reabsorbed into local tissue and eventually fades.
Electrical Cardioversion
An in-hospital procedure where an electric shock (under appropriate anesthesia) is carefully delivered to the chest wall overlying the heart to normalize an irregular heart beat.
NON-INVASIVE
Electrocardiography
The basic “EKG” taken in the office or in a hospital. This gives information about the electrical system of the heart and helps in early diagnosis of coronary heart disease.
Holter and Event Monitoring
An external monitoring device which is placed in the office, then worn by the patient for 24 hours. Monitor enables direct analysis of all the heartbeats occurring within that 24-hour period.
Stress Testing – Exercise and Pharmacologic
A test done to “stress” or exercise the heart, either by walking on a treadmill or by intravenous medication for those unable to walk easily. The addition of a nuclear scan (intravenous injection) or ultrasound imaging (nothing IV) improves the accuracy of the test. This test helps in early discovery of coronary artery blockages.
Echocardiography – 2D, Doppler, Color Flow
A study using sound waves to evaluate the structure and function of the heart valves and muscle (no exercise or IV required).
INPATIENT
Cardiac Consultation
Examination by cardiologist to evaluate heart function.
Preoperative Clearance
Examination by a cardiologist including appropriate medical history, a physical examination and any ancillary tests needed to determine that the patient is able to undergo surgery.